Essay on Listening to Music as a Stress Reliever for...

More than 2000 years have passed since humans discovered music. Music is an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color (anonymous, 2014). It started out as a simple striking of materials that produced sounds and was later developed with the inventions of musical instruments such as stringed instruments. The development of music evolves from prehistoric until the present period of time. Music has been very popular to people, not only to adults but also to teenagers and children. Its popularity can be attributed to the components of music such as lyrics, genres, artists and specifically, being a big part of the present media. The researchers came up†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Listening to music can have a tremendously relaxing effect on minds and bodies, especially slow, quiet classical music. This type of music can have a beneficial effect on our physiological functions, slowing the pulse and heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing the levels of stress hormones† (Collingwood, 2007). This proves that music can help in the physiological wellness of a person. In this current industrialized world, teenagers are the most vulnerable factor of society, As teenagers, there are a lot of negative forces affecting them such as confusion, pressure, stress, etc., that leads to delinquency. To prevent this from happening, they devise their own way of relieving stress. With the fast phasing domination of media today, music is one of its successful outcomes that everyone listens to. Listening to music can serve as a stress reliever to teenagers. According to Psychology Today (2014), Stress is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium. People view stress as something that is common, but according to the American Psychological Association (2014), 75 to 90 percent of all physician office visits are for stress-related ailments and complaints. Stress is linked to the six leading causes of death–heart disease, cancer, lung ailments, accidents, cirrhosis of the liver, and suicide. Stress can really be a threat in one’s health. The purposeShow MoreRelatedMusic : The Long And Winding Path Torn From Music1303 Words   |  6 Pages Music, over the years, has introduced new sounds and patterns into our everyday lives. From belting out your favorite song in the shower to quietly tapping your foot to the new song on the radio. The long and winding path torn from music’s origin has expanded through time to today’s modern music. Modern music consists of contemporary ideas and traditional tunes with a twist. Music has undoubtedly changed over the years and most people have a persona definition of what music is to them. The simpleRead MoreMusic Is A Universal Language1334 Words   |  6 PagesGood music doesn’t have an expiration date. Over the years, it has introduced new sounds and patterns into our everyday lives. From belting out your favorite song in the shower to quietly tapping your foot to the new song on the radio. The long and winding path torn from music’s origin has expanded through time to today’s modern music. Modern music consists of contemporary ideas and traditional tunes with a twist. Music has undoubtedly changed over the years and most people have a persona definitionRead MoreMusic And Its Effects On Students2567 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Music has charms to soothe a savage breast, to soften rocks, or bend knotted oak†- William Congreve(Free 492). As William Congreve, English playwright and poet, said, music has the potential to do the impossible. Although music has this power, schools across the nation struggle to see the importance of art and music programs, as well as the benefit for students these expressive classes provide. The benefits include a better performance in projects and homework, a better work ethic, and a betterRead MoreKorean Pop6843 Words   |  28 Pagesare teenagers. These kinds of dramas’ penetration through modern media brought about the Filipinos’ openness and awareness of the East Asian culture and its entertainment; the â€Å"Asian style† had been well-accepted. Filipinos were only drawn to Koreanovelas, especially when Boys over Flowers, the Korean version of Meteor Garden, was aired on Philippine television. However in early 2009, the *Korean Wave or *Hallyu Wave was born. The Korean wave includes the *viral spread of Korean shows, music andRead MoreThe Road For Becoming Nurse Meika Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesBecoming Nurse Meika Its feels as if I’ve been here before†¦.now I remember I have. After I finished High School I was sure I wanted a career in the medical field. I knew there would also have to be some balancing of my time, budget, and keeping my stress level intact. No one ever said that the road was hard. You just have to know when to slow down take in the scenery, get off because you made a wrong turn, or just full throttle ahead because you’re sure of what lies ahead. I’ve always been the compassionateRead More Slowly Moving Towards Legalizing Marijuana Essay3153 Words   |  13 Pagesmarijuana as a healing herb; others viewed it as everything from holy anointing oil to psychoactive intoxicants. In the early nineteenth century, African-Americans benefitted from anything that relieved the stress of plantation capitalism. For Louis Armstrong, music and marijuana was the escape from the misery. He agreed that a few puffs of that good shuzzit helped him live and let live (12). Armstrong, a hero of his race, prominently endured the southern hate while keeping a strongRead MoreCritical Thinking Assignment On Psychological Stressor5904 Words   |  24 PagesYOU MUST SUBMIT THIS STRESS JOURNAL BY 11PM ON JUNE 7th WEEK 1 Critical Thinking Assignment Question # Response 8 lines 11 point Times 9) I think that the psychological stressor is the most common amongst people. Throughout one’s life, there are many struggles and hardships. As the videos showed, there are so many types of people out in the world dealing with the same types of stresses to survive in the world in general. Even with the cultural and geographical differences, humans asRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesmeanings of terms will often resolve that kind of disagreement. Substantial disagreements, such as whether U.S. citizens are more conceited than Brazilians, are much harder to resolve. Equivocation If you went to an electronics store to buy a music system on sale only to discover that the store didnt have the advertised item and that they were now trying to sell you a higher-priced one instead, you might be upset. The stores technique is called bait and switch. In reasoning, too, it is unfairRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesthe window causing his short hair to toss about. The sky was partially cloudy and the temperature was a nice twenty degrees Celsius. It was the perfect morning. Thomas scooch up in his seat and adjusted his headset which blared Linkin Park music. The rhythmic music allowed him to wake up more easily. There was just one week left of school and Thomas still had no idea what he wanted to do for his career. He had excellent grades and work ethic but had no goal to work towards. He actually planned to

Analysis Of Gray s Anatomy - 868 Words

â€Å"Media Analysis Paper† Relationships are about two people who want the same thing. In Gray’s Anatomy there are many different friendships, relationships and theories. With different kinds of friendships, sometimes you can’t tell what is real. Association is when you’re friends just because you work together. Sometimes people confuse love with lust. Ludus is when a relationship is just for fun, nothing more. Sometimes being in a relationship with people you love doesn’t always go the exact way you want. â€Å"Relationship Rules Theory† is help together by rules and by following them. Being equal in a relationship is huge matter. â€Å"Equal Theory† is when some relationships work and some don’t. It takes two dedicated people to succeed at friendships and relationships. In Grey’s Anatomy there are different types of friendships. You have friendships that are equal in giving and receiving. You also have some that are not equal and consist of having short friendships. While watching episode 17 I noticed a dichotomy between Edwards and Blake. Their friendship would be described as association. Which mean it’s normally a short friendship and usually you are only friends because you are co workers. An example I saw was Blake went behind Edwards back and applied for a position Edwards was already promised. Blake knew what she was taking from her and that why she hid what she had planed. This friendship described association, based on not truly being friends. They were only associates toShow MoreRelated The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde760 Words   |  3 Pagesis unavoidable when a person does not establish a sense of identity. The definition of influence in â€Å"The Picture of Dorian Gray† is, â€Å"there is no such thing a s a good influence...because to influence a person is to give him ones own soul†¦he becomes an echo of someone elses music, an actor of a part that has not been written for him† (Wilde 18). â€Å"In The Picture of Dorian Gray†, Dorian’s portrait alters as Dorian himself alters his personality which exemplifies more of an influential transformationRead MoreDebate Summary: The Causes of Depression Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesdepression. However, this learner presented evidence along with personal experiences to support the biological perspective of the debate. The biological influences associated with depression include genes, chemical imbalance, and or damage to the anatomy of the brain. For example, genes are the personal blueprint of every individual, which maps out what a person is likely to inherit from generation to generation. These inherited gens predispose a person to inherit certain personality traits, physicalRead MoreThe Root Cause of Depression: Biological, Cognitive-Behavioral, or Both?1509 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluences such as the loss of a loved one or a job. Whereas, those who support the biological perspective believe depression results from the genes a person inherits, chemical imbalances that change the functions of the brain, as well as damage to the anatomy of the brain. In addition to these two perspectives, some believe that neither the one nor the other perspective alone causes depression, but that a combination of both influences the onset of the debilitating disorder. This paper will address theRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Gay And Gay891 Words   |  4 Pageslesbian and gay people. In order to prevent discriminating them from the other groups, more accurate representation of homosexuals should be provide on the mainstream media. This content analysis paper will focus on analyzing the portrayal of gay characters in TV shows. The subjects of this analysis are 10 characters from six recent TV shows I specifically picked form ABC, FOX, CBS and the CW TV. Each of these shows has at least one gay character that is important elements in the whole storylineRead MoreComputer Aided Diagnosis Systems For Infectious Diseases Essay1998 Words   |  8 PagesDr. Bagci has published numerous studies in informatics of radiology spanning from development of computer aided diagnosis systems for infectious diseases to general image analysis techniques in MRI, CT, PET, and histology images, and development of image enhancement and reconstruction methods both in clinical, pre-clinical, and technical fields [11-65]. His works appeared in top-tier journals such as Nature Communications, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Journal of Virology, Journal of PathologyRead MoreLanguage and Brain 1328 Words   |  6 Pagesdi scussing the following :First, the brain anatomy. Second, language and brain. 2.1 Brain Anatomy Human brain is located inside the head and protected by bones. It is the headquarters of the body because it over controls the mental and physical activities. It consists of the surface or external part and this is called cortex and the internal part space (that is sub-cortical areas) .The surface consists of a gray matter whereas, the internal space or sub-corticalRead MoreEssay on Breast Cancer4172 Words   |  17 PagesShriver, S. 2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Invasive cancer is the more serious form of breast cancer. Invasive cancer develops when some abnormal cells from the interior of the lobules or ducts rupture out into the breast tissue surrounding the lobules. Once these cells are free, they may travel into the lymphatic and vascular system where they have access to virtually all other areas of the body. These cells are especially fond of migrating to the liver, bones, and lungs. (Dimensions of Human Sexuality, Shriver, S. 2002) Read MoreNumerical Analysis Of Human Head Response2241 Words   |  9 Pagesthe numerical analysis of human head response in a car accident in the sagittal plane. This is achieved by making oneself aware of the dynamic loading that arises at the instant accident occurs and the response of the human head to such loading. The response is usually biomechanical, which can be studied in terms of head acceleration due to the impact caused by the collision of the vehicle and the intracranial pr essure caused by the accident. A 3D head model (comprises the skull, gray matter, CSF,Read MoreA Short Note On Mr Image Classification Using Adaboost Essay2265 Words   |  10 PagesMR Image Classification Using Adaboost For Brain Tumor Types Priyanka B. Zaware Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering P.E.S Modern COE, Pune University Pune, India priyanka30991@gmail.com Prof. Rupali S. Kamathe Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering P.E.S Modern COE, Pune University Pune, India rupalikamathe@gmail.com Abstract — Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an crucial and most important technique used in the detection and classification of brain tumorRead MoreSpeech Of The School Of Performing Arts And Cinema At Virginia Tech1642 Words   |  7 Pagesnever forget the fights I had with my dear dad and the worried look on my mother s face when I told them I wanted to study acting and theatre in college. You have a great mind, Patty! I remember my dad saying, You need to use it for something more practical! Go into law or medicine! Make theatre an avocation . . . not a vocation! You see I was raised in a family of scientists -- we had a copy of Gray s Anatomy (the book, not the television series) and a hefty taxonomic reference guide by the

Marketing Objectives for Nike Sports Drink free essay sample

Nike will have a number of different marketing objectives for their isotonic sports drink, Nike Go. A main market objective will be to establish the isotonic drink as the most credible sports drink in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Objectives for Nike Sports Drink or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will not just happen though, this can only happen through a lot of promotion and appeal. Creating strong consumer awareness is very important in gaining market share as it is a completely new product from Nike. This can be done through promoting the product, Nike Go, and allowing consumers to become aware that Nike has this new product. In order to establish brand recognition, there needs to be a capture of market shares in the sports drink segment. This will mean the product, Nike Go, will be well known and therefore will be able to compete well within this market. Ultimately, the overall objective is to become the top market leader. This means being the most popular isotonic sports drink in the market. Market Segmentation Today we are in an age of intense competition, so it is vital to develop a product for a specific market segment, which concentrates on one type of product. Our product, Nike Go, is an isotonic sports drink in a very competitive market. It would not be cost-effective selling to all the segments of a market. Instead, it is better to focus on the segment which will get the largest share for the company. The marketing function will therefore focus on targeting this segment. (Irish Times – Business 2000). For Nike, they have to breakdown the market into four categories: geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioural. For geographic, the country that the product will be released is within the UK. This includes all over England, Scotland, Wales, and the North of Ireland, with the main cities involved in sport being targeted. This is due to the constant rise in the number of people exercising and engaging in sporting activities. Demographic segmentation takes into account the different factors involved, such as age and gender. Nike Go will be aimed at 16-44 year olds, and is targeting at both male and female. Psychographic segmentation is the process of dividing the markets into segments on the basis of consumer lifestyles and their interests and opinions. The lifestyle of the target market will consumers who are athlete and active individuals. Their interests will include being into sport and exercising. The final segmentation factor is behavioural. This takes into account when and what the consumers’ will be using the product for. The targeted consumers will be those who wish to use the product before, during or after exercise, to help quench thirst, prevent dehydration, and replenish depleted energy stores. Targeting The target market for Nike Go is people who engage in sports or exercise. More and more people are now getting involved in sports and exercise in an attempt to stay fit and healthy, while enjoying themselves at the same time. Nike Go aims to help give people participating in sport an extra boost, and the ability to keep on going for longer. This market is a tough market to break into, with GlaxoSmithKline Plc. (Lucozade) and Red Bull Co Ltd leading the sports and energy drinks category, with a combined value share of 64% in 2012. Although other manufacturers are slowly gaining traction with their own products, meaning that there is a place in the market for a new isotonic drink from Nike, an already well-known brand in the sports market. (Euromonitor) The main cities that will be targeted with Nike Go are the UK’s most active cities. These cities include London, as they were the last city to host the Olympics. South Wales as Cardiff is the home of British rugby. Nottingham and Sheffield as they are both home to two well-known soccer teams. Leeds Yorkshire as they are the proudest of all cricketing counties. Manchester because they have the two most well-known soccer teams in UK. Glasgow as it is footballing capital of Scotland. Belfast because it is the main city in North of Ireland with the main sporting teams from here. The reason this product will be based within the UK is due to the rise in the participation of sports and exercise. In 2012, a report found that 44. 6 per cent of adults in the UK participated in sport or exercise, which has increased from 2006, at 41.  2 per cent. Figure 1. Shows this, as well as the percentage increase throughout all of the years from 2005. This shows that it is a perfect time to release an isotonic sports drink into the market, as the number of people participating in exercise is constantly increasing. Figure 1. 1 The product will be aimed at males and females between the age of 16-44, as this age group are the most active in sport, as shown in figure 1. 2. Figure 1. 2 Description of Product Nike Go is a new isotonic sports drink that is formulated in a way to aid people in rehydrating themselves during or after exercise. Nike Go is rich in carbohydrates as carbohydrates are the most efficient source of energy. It also has a number of sweeteners and preservatives. The main part of Nike Go is the electrolytes it contains, which include chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, which diminish during exercise through sweat and bodily fluid. Nike Go replaces these electrolytes that are lost during sports and exercise which promotes proper hydration, an important factor in delaying the onset of fatigue during sports and exercise. In order for Nike Go to be successful in the sports and energy drinks market, it must stand out and appeal to the consumers, which involves a lot of branding. Branding will allow consumers to easily identify the product and creates an interest in it. Nike are a global brand, which will help in releasing the product. When consumers see that Nike Go has the ‘tick’ symbol on the bottle, they will know that it is from Nike which will make it have good customer awareness. This will attract consumers to the drink as they know Nike are a well-established and very good company. We also have come up with the logo ‘JUST GET UP AND GO’. This logo is in place to help make customers aware of our new product, Nike Go, and to try and give our product an advantage over competitors. The idea is that when people see or hear the logo, ‘JUST GET UP AND GO’, they will think of the Nike Go. This logo is also related to the product. It simply means to get up and get doing something practical, whether it be a quick run, or a game of football. Our product will then give them the boost they need, and help them get through their exercise activity. Product Life Cycle The first stage for Nike Go was development, where innovation was key. The second stage is growth, which begins when Nike Go is entered into the market. There is not a lot of rivalry at this stage, and there is low entry barriers. The next stage is Maturity, where the growth of Nike Go will level off, and there is a lot of rivalry. The key here for Nike Go will be to have high market share. The final stage in Nike Go’s life cycle will be decline. This is where Nike Go will begin to lose sales and decline, but new promotion and branding can help Nike Go get back to the growth stage again.

Business Communication Attitude and Physiological Barriers

Question: Discuss about the Business Communicationfor Attitude and Physiological Barriers. Answer: Communication is a major employability skill that employers look while choosing their employees. Its the mode of transferring information or ideas from one person to another either by use of words, using signs or through a written material. Communication skills are essential for the efficient and effective running of any organization (Saks and Gruman, 2011, p. 14). Communication may be of different types; listening, verbal communication, non-verbal communication, emotional awareness. However, it has several barriers; Physical barriers like noise, language barrier, attitude and physiological barriers. This essay brings about an experience that is linked to a non-verbal form of communication. It talks about the importance of non-verbal communication and its limitations and how one can improve the communication skills of effective communication. Non- Verbal Communication An incident whereby someone is employed in an institution of the physically challenged people as a cleaner. The worker cannot communicate effectively with the students because they use sign language and the employee is not familiar with the signs. They may need help from their cleaner, but they cannot convey their message in the right way. The cleaner may also need to pass information to them, but it may be challenging. Even though it may be difficult to communicate to each other, the worker can learn to talk through signs for secure communication with the students (Patterson, 2012, p. 5). The employee can learn how to use gestures, facial expressions, body movements and also the voice tone. After the cleaner learns the several non-verbal behaviors', communicating with the students may be very easy, and information would be passed to each other quickly. This is an experience that is linked to the non-verbal communication which is used to give information to people who may not be able to understand the written or oral information that is given to them, so the sender has to use the non-verbal communication behaviors. Nonverbal communication concepts bring about repetition, contradiction, complementing, accenting, and substitution of words. The use of nonverbal communication shows one's emotions of curiosity, happiness, anger, anxiety, pleasure, and interest among others. Most people within different settings use nonverbal communication cues when expressing their empathy in a deliberate manner (Leathers and Eaves, 2015, p. 2). The ability to interpret nonverbal cues and signals is complicated since nonverbal communication does not have fixed meanings for it means different in different contexts. Non-verbal communication is a mode of communication enables individuals to transfer information or ideas to others by use of signs, body language (kinesics), touch [haptics] and distance [proxemics]. The understanding and interpretation of nonverbal signals provide one with an advantage over other people in the environment where communication takes place (Patterson, 2012, p. 90). Mostly, nonverbal communic ation is grounded on instinct, and the communicators tell the truth, and this makes this mode of communication more recommended than verbal messages. There are different ways that people can communicate with each example by use of facial expressions, gestures and even how one dress can bring about communication. Non- verbal communication is important because; it brings a fast interpretation of a message like the use of symbols and signs can communicate faster than spoken or written message. It also reduces the time that the message is supposed to reach the receiver. Use of visual language is necessary because the receiver of the message can see the displayed message which could be attractive and presentable (Martin and Nakayama, 2013, p. 100). Communicating non-verbally also helps where you have to pass a message to the handicapped person, and they can understand clearly. There are sometimes when one has to pass a message to illiterate people, the use of gestures, facial expressions and maintaining eye contact is useful to uneducated people without the use of written words (Mavridis, 2015, p. 56). One may be disrupted by either no ise or long distance while trying to convey a particular message to someone. This may call for gestures for the receiver to understand what you are meaning. Lastly, use of nonverbal communication is easy to figure out between the two parties. However, non-verbal communication may have some disadvantages. Not everyone is familiar with the gestures and facial expressions while others may not prefer it. Sometimes it's tough for some people to understand the signs and they may end up receiving a wrong information. You may need to convey lengthy discussions with the other party, and this may be cumbersome because nonverbal communications only call for short messages (Knapp, Hall, and Horgan, 2013, p. 80). It does not follow any format while communicating because individuals unconsciously engage themselves in nonverbal communication by moving their bodies. One may also be interrupted while passing the message because it uses facial expressions. Lastly, it may be expensive at times. The experience of the employed cleaner in a physically challenged students institution made the worker improve the non-verbal communication skills. To improve the skills, one should understand carefully the gestures, facial expressions, movement of the body and also the voice tone (Botwinick, 2013, p. 30). This is because these signs usually convey a message that one should understand. Some people may also want to pass information but their words may not match with their nonverbal movements. One should be careful with the phrase and expressions. The eye contact is very essential while passing a certain information, one should look to the other party's eye, but it should not last for more than five seconds because it will mean something else. For effective communication, one should always practice the skills in case you are not familiar with them to avoid the bias of the message conveyed. In conclusion, none- verbal communication is important when dealing with handicapped personality, children and also illiterate people. Nonverbal communication makes work easier within the workplace and helps businesses in conducting critical responsibilities such as interviews. Nonverbal signals portray accuracy and trustworthy of intentions as a sign of confidence. It's important to understand others and how they try to convey their message. We should consider the non-verbal behaviors and their meaning. Lastly, we should respect other people's privacy and their communication skills and accept them because we are different. List of References Botwinick, J., 2013.Aging and behavior: A comprehensive integration of research findings. Springer. Knapp, M.L., Hall, J.A. and Horgan, T.G., 2013.Nonverbal communication in human interaction. Cengage Learning. Leathers, D.G. and Eaves, M., 2015.Successful nonverbal communication: Principles and applications. Routledge. Martin, J.N., and Nakayama, T.K., 2013.Experiencing Intercultural Communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Mavridis, N., 2015. A review of verbal and non-verbal humanrobot interactive communication.Robotics and Autonomous Systems,63, pp.22-35. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183-202. Patterson, M., 2012.Nonverbal behavior: A functional perspective. Springer Science Business Media. Saks, A.M. and Gruman, J.A., 2011. Organizational socialization and positive organizational behaviour: Implications for theory, research, and practice.Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration,28(1), pp.14-26.

Essay Examples on Letter Essay Example

Essay Examples on Letter Paper 1st Essay Sample on Letter Dear Sir: I respectfully would like to request to be readmitted to reading class. I have been unsuccessful in my previous attempts of passing the class due to a number of valid reasons such as my limited financial capability along with other personal problems which made it very difficult for me to focus on the task at hand. Such events proved to be too much for me to handle at that time and as a result, I was not able to do what was required to pass such course. The reason I am writing this letter is because reading class is a prerequisite in order for me to be able to take other classes. I intend to finish reading class so that I can move on to my other subjects which I plan to take as soon as possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Letter Letter Letter At present, my financial standing has improved and my personal life has been quite stable that is why I am confident that given another chance to take this class, I will pass it with flying colors. I shall take the class seriously this time and I promise to put in the work that is necessary to fulfill all the assignments that the course requires. I know that I have the potential to be good in anything that I put my heart into, right now I am determined and mentally ready to focus on my academics. I hope that my humble request will be given favorable and timely consideration as I plan to enroll in the coming fall. 2nd Essay Sample on Letter Throughout our time together I have worked very hard and have learned very much from you. I am beginning to understand the fundamental framework of knowledge that is necessary in order to become a talented student. I am understanding more with each assignment and course reading and I am able to apply what I am learning to my everyday life. This course will be an integral part of my education and I look forward to improving with each assignment.With this in mind, I feel that I deserve an A for my hard work and dedication. After the first assignment where I received at 70/100, I have earned an average of 96.7% on the next six projects. That being said, there is still room for improvement and I am striving for this as I have completed all of the assignments on time and I have put in the necessary effort to complete them according to the instructions.

Free Essays on Roles Of Parenting

Adolescence: Whose Hell is It? Essay written by: uhcroll Throughout the article, â€Å"Adolescence: Whose Hell is It?† by Virginia Rutter, there is an astonishing analysis on the way teens behave today and how parents are responding to their behavior in return. Rutter points out that as the adolescent rates of depression, suicide, substance abuse, delinquency, sexual activity, and health problems drastically increase, there are too few parents who are responding to the needs of their adolescent children. Parents are clearly the most influential models outside of the school, which can altar the amount of success in the classroom. The author discusses how adolescents are emotionally and mentally separate from both children and adults because they can’t reason like adults, however they think more maturely than children. In this scenario it is very easy for a parent to continue to treat their teenage son or daughter like a child, which could lead to an early decaying relationship with the parent. Within American society, kids entering into their adolescent years usually bring a social stigma that culturally depicts teenagers as rebellious and lazy youths. Rutter explains that parents also continue to carry this social stigma with their own children. A report within the article stated that teens overall still have high levels of respect towards their parents. However, â€Å"when fighting does occur, it’s in families with younger teenagers, and it has to do at least in part with their burgeoning cognitive abilities† (Rutter 119). Rutter also explains that while teenagers naturally develop a surge of hormonal activity during the first few years of adolescence, there can tend to be more aggression and depression within the adolescent. However, Rutter believes that it is the parents who truly effect the way the teenager thinks and acts. The relationship through parents and their adolescent children will always be a mutual one. If... Free Essays on Roles Of Parenting Free Essays on Roles Of Parenting Adolescence: Whose Hell is It? Essay written by: uhcroll Throughout the article, â€Å"Adolescence: Whose Hell is It?† by Virginia Rutter, there is an astonishing analysis on the way teens behave today and how parents are responding to their behavior in return. Rutter points out that as the adolescent rates of depression, suicide, substance abuse, delinquency, sexual activity, and health problems drastically increase, there are too few parents who are responding to the needs of their adolescent children. Parents are clearly the most influential models outside of the school, which can altar the amount of success in the classroom. The author discusses how adolescents are emotionally and mentally separate from both children and adults because they can’t reason like adults, however they think more maturely than children. In this scenario it is very easy for a parent to continue to treat their teenage son or daughter like a child, which could lead to an early decaying relationship with the parent. Within American society, kids entering into their adolescent years usually bring a social stigma that culturally depicts teenagers as rebellious and lazy youths. Rutter explains that parents also continue to carry this social stigma with their own children. A report within the article stated that teens overall still have high levels of respect towards their parents. However, â€Å"when fighting does occur, it’s in families with younger teenagers, and it has to do at least in part with their burgeoning cognitive abilities† (Rutter 119). Rutter also explains that while teenagers naturally develop a surge of hormonal activity during the first few years of adolescence, there can tend to be more aggression and depression within the adolescent. However, Rutter believes that it is the parents who truly effect the way the teenager thinks and acts. The relationship through parents and their adolescent children will always be a mutual one. If...

Email privacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Email privacy - Research Paper Example productivity through email use, and this furthers their curiousity to scrutinize the actions of employees during work time, especially through the email. Most employees exploit company resources to conduct private and unrelated work like communicating with friends and family. Employers are also at times afraid of employees using email to send their competitor secrets and changes that occur in their organization, because this gives the other firm and upper hand in the market. Every email message, including attachment sent or received on the company server are the property of the company. Even so, employees believe that it is not ethical for employers to go through or have access to their email conversation as it breaches their privacy (Guerin 47). It is common for employees to browse and handle their personal emails in the company computer. In addition, for employers to monitor their email, this will mean going through both the company related work and employees personal and private conversation. Today there are laws that protect the privacy of an employee in the workplace and employers need to adhere to this, although this does not apply in many organizations, mostly privately owned. When an employer goes through an employees email without his or consent, they might gather some personal information such as medical records and private conversations of the employee. In essence, this calls for the need of an employer to obtain permission from the employee before he/she accesses the employees email

Investigation Theories Of The Problems Of Healthcare Quality Coursework

Investigation Theories Of The Problems Of Healthcare Quality - Coursework Example These strategies will make inquiries from study designs like open-ended question interviews (Handout, 2011). This is specifically inclined towards either pre or post aspects of behaviors and traits. The population to be is quite fundamental and important because, the purpose supports qualitative theories and phenomenology theory, which is of use in supporting phenomenal experiences (Creswell & Stone, 2009). The population also acts to determine scenarios when the investigators can support the general process. Will the population from the qualitative research test the method from both the phenomenology and ground theories the directions taken by health disparities because of the causes by the large chunk of the population without the health insurance? How would this issue be addressed taking note that the large portion cannot access medication and healthcare hence resorting to crude measures to support health? From the phenomenological perspective, a design is created on a mirrored concept from the university current online education framework. The ground theory as stated will also be considered due to the need for quality and reliability of data. This is the ground upon which the researcher is able to reinforce the open process, action or integration because of the education concept. According to the Quality Health Care QHC use, it is if training and development through education to help improve the talent from the family care perspectives to understand the need for quality healthcare and subscribe to health insurance policies (Shadish, Cook & Campbell, 2002). The researcher’s strategy is to support personal development theory, which is directed towards promoting community and change in leadership.  The vision to judge and design ways to adopt modern development strategies to perpetuate values aimed at planning the workforce, community, and culture change in order to promote the skills by individuals to mitigate the healthcare problem.

Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Discussions - Essay Example This is because the power of choices is in their versatility, and it enables the investor to adjust their position as per the prevailing situation or circumstances. However, this versatility has its cost and, therefore, the investors should assess this extra cost based on their knowledge and skills. Options also involve a risk which is not suitable for all investors. One should, therefore, be in a position to evaluate the risk associated and develop measures for managing such risks. Being ignorant of such risks will place the investor in a weak position. Stock options are the agreement between two parties to sell or buy an asset. It is the contract that gives one party the right. It does not give the responsibility to buy or sell an asset in the future at a pre-set price known as the strike price or exercise price (Fabozzi, 2008). There are two types of options; call option and put option. Call option is the financial contract that gives the buyer the right but, not the obligation to acquire a given number of assets in the future at a predetermined price. On the other hand, put option gives the right but not obligation to sell a specific number of underlying securities at some future date (Fabozzi, 2008). It is essential to review the proforma quantification in the footnotes periodically in order to access more information concerning the options. Even though the expense is expected not to persist, it changes as the situation changes and as investors, one should continually assess the information to be able to adjust the value or the cost of the option. Consumer spending theory states that, people spend their money at a level that is consistent with their expected average income. The steady average income which is long term is referred to as permanent income. Any individual will only save if his or her current income is higher than the expected permanent income (Thaller, 1981). This implies that people will only

A Survey Fatigue Monitoring System

A Survey Fatigue Monitoring System Abstract: This is a fatigue detection system implemented in smartphone. This system will detect the drowsiness of the driver while he is driving. And if the reverie is detected by the system then it will generate an alert. In this the parameters are blinking of eyes, mouth yawning and head shaking. Head shaking is the new parameter which is used in this system. These parameters are calculated to identify drivers weariness. The Canny Active Contour method is used for detecting yawning and the Harr-like technique is used for detecting face and eye blinking. INTRODUCTION Now a days because of the reverie and fatigue of the drivers daily the huge amount of accidents are occurs which becomes the reason of deaths, injuries, etc. For preventing accidents it is essential to monitor the fatigue and vigilance level. With the help of various active safety systems we can monitor the fatigue of driver, drowsiness of the driver, traffic on the roads, the vehicle and the F providing alerts to the driver. Using a statistically anthropometric face model the important facial points are automatically detected [2007]. Many researchers have focused on drivers behavioral measures using various techniques such as visual based detection and Physiological detection. For face detection the Adaboost algorithm is used [2016]. Optic nurve fatigue correspondingly causes the eye blinking when the driver goes in state of reverie. Fatigue and distraction detection can be observed by head orientation and head shaking is used only for fatigue detection. Table1: Summary of the face detection techniques Algorithm OrTechnique Description Neural network based face detection Neural network based system examines small windows of an image and choses whether each window contains a face. Hidden Markov Models Method It deals with images which have variation in facial expression as well as orientation and also different lightning. Fisherface Method It considers the ratio between the variation of one person and that of another person. Eigenface Method It works with differences between face images, rather than with single face images. Adaboost boosting algorithm It improves the classification accuracy. It works with two inputs training dataset and set of features (classification function) . Haar-like technique It focuses on only image intensities such as the RGB pixel values of each and every pixel of image. Feature Base Face Detection It is more accurate and it uses low execution time. Geometric Base Face Detection It is effective approach and easy to implement. To detect the face the Gravity Center Template method is used. Also for detecting the mouth corner Gray Protection and Gabor Wavelets technique is used. LDA technique is used for yawning. For detecting the lips motion features Spatial Fuzzy C-means clustering (s-FCM) method is used. Also for the face detection skin color texture are used. For identifying color shape we can use the color values like RGB, YCbCR and HSV and so on. Tracking algorithm is used to Face detection. Based on face detection Kalman Filter Motion Tracking algorithm is used. RELATED WORK : A DROWSINESS AND POINT OF ATTENTION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR DRIVER VIGILANCE Jorge Batista [1] proposed a system which represents a framework which combines a robust feature location of face with face modeling having elliptical shape to measure the drowsiness and fatigue of driver in 2007. The solution works with the two parameters that are computation of eyelid movements and attention of head point. By using statistically anthropometric face model it detect the facial points automatically. It is one of the advantage in this paper. The measures the features of human face, it is calculated by anthropometry models and it deals with the biological area. But the disadvantage of this system is that the parameters used for detecting the vigilance level of driver are not sufficient, the parameters such as yawning should be considered for detecting the drowsiness. DRIVER DROWSINESS MONITORING BASED ON YAWNING DETECTION Shabnam Abtahi, Behnoosh Hariri, Shervin Shirmohammadi [2] proposed a system for monitoring and detecting drivers drowsiness in 2011. For identifying drivers fatigue and drowsiness it can detect the various techniques like yawning, eye tiredness, eye movement, face tracking and drowsiness monitoring. The use of existing systems that monitor a vigilance level of drivers is important to prevent road accidents. Some of the main warning signs that can be measured or identified as indications of driver fatigue are : daydreaming while on the road driving over the center line, yawning , feeling impatient, feeling reacting slowly, heavy eyes, sleepy face, blinking of eyes and motion of lips. For the purpose of the detection of the face region using the difference among two images. Drivers yawn is then tracked on the bases of the distance between the midpoint of nostrils and the chin uses Gravity-Center template to track the face. Detection of mouth corners we can use grey projection and Gabor wavelets. Finally to detect yawning LDA is applied to classify feature vectors. Then, through spatial fuzzy c-means (s-FCM) clustering a mouth window is extracted from the face region, in which lips are tracked. The advantage of the existing system is that yawning detection system is newly included which is not present in previous system. Also it recognizes face by using the face color and texture. The color shape can be recognize by RGB, YCbCR and HSV [2]. A METHOD OF DETECTING DRIVER DROWSINESS STATE BASED ON MULTI-FEATURES OF FACE Ping Wang and Lin Shen [3] proposed a system to detect face region because of its high correct rate the AdaBoost algorithm is used in 2012. So then the final solution found is that the exact positions of drivers eyes and mouth are placed depending upon their geometric features respectively. Not only the technique of PATECP (Percentage And Time that Eyelids Cover the Pupils) and PATMIO (Percentage And Time  that Mouth Is Open)   but also the new judging rules and techniques are used to find out whether the driver is drowsy or not. The actual tests with current driving videos represents that our technique of detecting drivers drowsiness is based on eye as well as mouth features makes the conditions of detecting the drivers reverie state wider and most accurate. Finally, in short in the format of summary this existing paper represents the working of facial reverie state, state tracking, formatting, region location and AdaBoost algorithm are used. The advantage of this system is that it is well and high accurate system and without influence from light. AN EFFICIENT SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY USER ATTENTIVENESS BASED ON FATIGUE DETECTION Syed Imran Ali, Dr. Prashant Singh, Sameer Jain [4] proposed a user alertness identification system which is based on fatique detection in 2014. In this system the web camera continuously captures images of the subject. By using efficient image processing techniques it focuses on lips and eyes to monitor their behavior. It firstly captures the image that is input RGB image and convert it into gray image. By using erosion and dilation techniques the gray image is converted into blur image. The Sobel edge detection filter algorithm is used to find the edges of blur image. After detecting the face, this image is cut into two halves eyes part and mouth part. Again the first halve i.e. eye part image is cut into two parts left eye part and right eye part. If the drowsiness is detected in these images then it generates alert. The advantages of this system are that it works efficiently with even in the presence of different illumination sources background , also it is light weight and it requires less CPU execution time. Fig 1. Flowchart of the system FEER Drivers vigilance monitoring Ismail Shaykha, Ahmad Menkara, Michel Nahas, Milad Ghantous [5] propsed a Non-Intrusive Facial Expression and Emotional Recognition for Drivers vigilance monitoring. In this system, using an integrated camera with on-board processor face features such as eyes and mouth are detected and quickly analyzed. Firstly the facial detection is done using Adaboost boosting algorithm. After that the various features are extracted. The eye analysis and mouth analysis is done. The analysis is done and based on that analysis the decision is taken. The main advantage of this system is that it is able to distinguish between normal eye blinking and beginning of sleepiness and complete sleep. The disadvantage of this system is that it requires an integrated camera. A SMARTPHONE-BASED DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION USING FUSION OF MULTIPLE REAL-TIME FACIAL FEATURES Yantao Qiao, Kai Zeng, Lina Xu and Xiaoyu Yin [6] proposed a fatigue monitoring system which focuses on fusion of information, it is implemented and designed in smartphone. The drivers fatigueness indicators are eye blinking, head nodding and yawning are detected. The face and eye blinks are detected by using Harr-like technique. And the mouth yawning is detected by using Canny Active Contour method. In this system the new parameter is added for detecting the fatigue is head nodding i.e. head shaking. The main advantage of this system is that it uses smart phone for detecting the fatigue of driver for preventing him from accidents and does not require other equipments such as camera. COMPARISON : All the methods that are used for detection of drowsiness has different approaches. The methods differ from each other such that different methods uses different algorithms, tools and techniques for detection of drowsiness. The various algorithm used for the detection of drowsiness are shown Table1: Summary of the face detection techniques. Harr-like technique is used for the face and eye blinks detection. And for the mouth yawning detection Canny Active Contour method is used. By using this techniques the various facial features can captured to detect the reverie of driver. The main advantage of this system is that it does not require other equipments such as camera. So by surveying all these systems we can conclude that the A SMARTPHONE-BASED DRIVER FATIGUE DETECTION USING FUSION OF MULTIPLE REAL approach can be considered as advantageous. CONCLUSION : In this way we have surveyed few techniques which are used for driver fatigue detection. Some of the technique or algorithm uses single facial feature to detect the fatigue of driver and prevent from accidents. From above mentioned approaches the last approach is having addition features to detect fatigue of driver. We can use the various facial features to detect drivers drowsiness such as eye detection, face detection, yawning, head shaking. This approach is more advantageous in sense that it uses a new concept that is head shaking for the detection of driver fatigue because of these it will easily found the drowsiness of a driver. This system is based on smart phone so there is no need of other equipments. REFERENCES 1] Jorge Batista, A Drowsiness and Point of Attention Monitoring System for Driver Vigilance in Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Seattle, WA, USA, Sept. 30 Oct. 3, 2007. 2] Shabnam Abtahi, Behnoosh Hariri, Shervin Shirnohammadi , Driver Drowsinss Monitoring Based on Yawning Detection in Distributed Collaborative Virtual Environment Reasarch Laboratory University Of Ottawa, Canada- 2011. 3] Ping Wang, Lin Shen, A Method of Detecting Driver Drowsiness State Based on Multi-features of Face in Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP 2012) 2012. 4] Syed Imran Ali, Dr.Prashant Singh,   Sameer Jain, An Efficient System to Identify User Attentiveness Based on Fatigue Detection 2014. 5] Ismail Shaykha, Ahmad Menkara, Michel Nahas, Milad Ghantous, FEER: Non-Intrusive Facial Expression and Emotional Recognition For Drivers Vigilance Monitoring   in Proceedings 57th International Symposium ELMAR-2015, 28-30 September 2015, Zadar, Croatia. 6] Yantao Qiao, Kai Zeng, Lina Xu, Xiaoyu Yin, A Smartphone-Based Driver Fatigue Detection Using Fusion of Multiple Real-Time Facial Features in Proceedings 13th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC) 2016

The New Community: MMORPGs and Social Networking Essay -- Social Netwo

Community is changing. As far back as the twentieth century, a social community was a group of real life acquaintances that had a common interest, goal, or career. Back then, to update one’s â€Å"status† might mean to attempt to improve a person’s social standing within a particular community or group of friends. Today, people don’t need to be told what online social networking is. It’s so engrained into the current culture that people almost can’t remember how they interacted before the internet came along. How did people keep in touch? How did they interact and socialize and play? Before social networking sites like Facebook existed, people had to rely on the email, now the cultural norm for written communication. And prior to that, people had to send letters, an ancient form of communication that, believe it or not, involved rubbing graphite on paper to create a message, and then paying a courier to take it to your intended recipient, sometimes taking days or even weeks. Communicating took a bit more effort, and, in fact, so did recreation. To play together people had to meet up in something called â€Å"real life† and interact. For example, there were fantasy role-playing groups that played games like Dungeons and Dragons back in the 1980s and 1990s, but those cultures too have moved to the internet and amassed a huge following. Massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs, or MMOs for short) are part of a new emerging subculture that has already swallowed millions of people into a relatively new social gaming experience. Fantasy and science fiction universes have been created by artists and programmers, and the subscribers (usually via monthly subscription fees) create an online avatar that exist in new, massi... ....org. Retrieved from http://socialnetworking.procon.org/#pro_con Rao, L. (2011, February 7). Comscore: Facebook keeps gobbling people's time. Tech Crunch, Retrieved from http://techcrunch.com/2011/02/07/comscore-facebook-keeps-gobbling-peoples-time/ Understanding, assessing and treating online role-playing game addiction. (2010, May 27). Counselor, Retrieved from http://www.counselormagazine.com/feature-articles-mainmenu-63/113 Van Grove, J. (2009). Study: Social media is for narcissists. Mashable Social Media, Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2009/08/25/gen-y-social-media-study/ Yee, N. (2006). The psychology of massively multi-user online role-playing games: motivations, emotional investment, relationships and problematic usage. In R. Schroeder & A. Axelsson (Eds.), Avatars at Work and Play: Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Video Environments London:

Development of Environmental Law in Bangladesh Essay

1. Development of Environmental Law at the Global Level The Agenda 21 of United Nations Convention of on Environment and Development (UNCED) in its Chapter 8, 38 and 39 emphasized on the need to develop capacity in the legal and institutional areas for sustainable development in developing countries. Chapter 8.13 of the Agenda noted that laws and regulations suited to country-specific conditions are among the most important instruments for transforming environment and development into action. Legal enactment on environment became necessary due to increased incidents of environmental degradation, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, activities of regional and international organizations (multilateral financial agencies and bilateral donor organization.) The global trend of environmental law making suggests three eras of legal development with clear characteristics. The laws adopted in the post Stockholm Era were ‘use-oriented’. These were natural resource laws dealing with management of land, forests, water, minerals, wildlife, fisheries and so on and had incidental environmental significance. The primary concerns of these laws were allocation and exploitation of the natural resources rather than sustainable use and management. In the second phase, ‘resource oriented’, ‘anti-pollution’ laws were being adopted that basically aimed at long-term management and sustainable use of natural resources. In the third phase, the laws were more ‘system oriented’ that aimed at integrated planning and management of the environment on the basis of all embracing ecological policies and environmental management programs. At the Global level, various international conventions, treaties, protocols also contributed significantly in fostering the development of environmental law making. 2. Evolution of Environmental Laws at the National Level Following the global trend, various nations of the world moved in updating their environmental legal regime either through adoption of new * Syeda Rizwana Hasan, Executive Director, Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers’ Association (BELA). 2 9:1&2 (2005) Bangladesh Journal of Law laws or amending the existing ones. The development of the environmental legal regime at the national level shows the following trends: a. Crystallization of Environmental Issues in Constitution As many as 106 countries of the world have incorporated environment related provisions in their Constitution. While some of the state constitutions have mentioned environment in the preamble, others have opted to mention environment either as right or duty or as a matter of public interest. b. Evolution of Right to Environment in Cases In some region/countries, development of environmental laws has been greatly affected by case laws. For example, in India and Bangladesh the rights to life of the Constitutions have been interpreted by the judiciary as including right to sound environment. [M C Mehta vs. Union of India (AIR 1987 SC 985); AIR 1992 Kant 57]. c. Incorporating Environment in Policy Documents In most cases, the policy regime has been more prompt in incorporation of environmental thoughts than the legal arena. Most of the policy documents in Bangladesh being more recent documents have incorporated many progressive notions and values including environment whereas no single law still gives unconditional right to a clean environment. d. More Comprehensive Coverage of Environmental Issues Legal development on environment has not remained limited to pollution or conservation goals only. Rather the broader dimensions of environmental issues have been recognized and various methods have been suggested to ensure achievement of legal commitment and monitoring. Laws of many countries have required and laid down procedure for dispute settlement, environmental impact assessment (EIA), environmental quality standard, education and information. e. Use of Economic Instruments For balancing the conflicting demands of economic development and environment, new principles have emerged in the economic sector to operate the notions of tax incentives, user pays, environment funds and so on. f. Provision for Public Participation and Review As with democracy, in environmental governance also participation of all stakeholders concerned is essential. In a good number of countries, Application and Reform Needs of the Environmental Law in BD 3 environmental decision making process has been regulated in a manner to ensure participation of those likely to be affected by the decision. g. Recognition of International Norms In some cases countries have shown respect to international environmental laws and to ensure that there global commitment is not frustrated and have adopted domestic laws that promote such commitments. Changes in legal regime, though an important step forward, cannot itself ensure compliance. Hence, the need for effective coordination of environment management, establishment of institutions to administer the laws and mechanism for facilitating compliance has been equally emphasized in countries that have gone for more responsive environmental legal regime. 3. Environmental Laws in Bangladesh  It was thought once that the existing laws of Bangladesh are too inadequate to be worked with environment. But when the work on environment was started, existing laws were found to be operative. The reason may be that the same law can be interpreted in different ways in different perspectives. A writ petition was filed by BELA (Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association) relating to â€Å"Locus Standi† of Article 102 of the Constitution of Bangladesh and because of the progressive interpretation given by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh the concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is judicially recognized in our country. Although Article 102 has been in our Constitution since 1972, this provision was not interpreted in such a progressive way before. There would be lacuna in the interpretation of law if we remain unenlightened about the standpoint of environmental movement in Bangladesh. Environment came out to be an important topic here after the devastating flood of 1987 and 1988. In order to control the flood situation the Government of Bangladesh undertook a Flood Control Project with the aid of donor agencies. In fact the environmental movement in Bangladesh started centering that development project. Some NGOs, which were working on environment separately, found that there would be irreparable loss to the environment if the above project namely Flood Action Plan was allowed to continue. Those NGOs assembled to establish a platform by the name â€Å"Life Minded Environmental Activist Forum†. Environmental movement commenced privately from that forum. On the other hand in the Governmental level the Ministry of Environment and Forest was formed and incidentally both Governmental and Non-Governmental initiative began together.

Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Mcleod Bethune essays

Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Mcleod Bethune essays Contrast the careers of Ida B. Wells-Barnett Both women were fighting in different ways for justice. Mary McLeod Bethune was an educator, organizer, and political activist and organized groups to support black women and children. She believed that education was the road to progress. She organized the first African American girls school in Daytona Beach, Florida. She led blacks to register to vote as well as founded and joined organizations and associations such as the Florida Fellowship of Colored Women, National Association of Colored Women, National Council of Negro Women and so many more. She focused on educating the black community especially women and helping them to rise above the oppression. Ida B. Wells-Barnett focused her fight for justice in another area. She was a big anti-lynching crusader. She challenged the Jim Crow Laws in Tennessee, wrote newspaper articles criticizing the educational resources available to African American children, and in 1892 after three of her friends were lynched she began her anti-lynching crusade. She wrote articles against lynching which caused for her office at the newspaper to be destroyed. However, this did not stop her she continued writing articles at the New York Age, lectured and organized anti-lynching societies, and traveled great distances to speak out against lynching. However, even though both women were fighting for justice they were still hindered by the social limitations of sexism and racism, by the continual division of women/men and blacks/whites. In the writings of bell hooks, she emphasizes that feminism, racism, and sexism are always going to over lap one another and that you cannot separate these battles. In the introduction of Killing Rage, she talks about how women are not listened to when it comes to talking about race and how that topic of conversation is considered to be a mans turf. This is ver ...

Wiesels Perils of Indifference for Holocaust Study

Wiesels Perils of Indifference for Holocaust Study At the end of the 20th-century, author and Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel delivered a speech titled   The Perils of Indifference  to a joint session of the United States Congress.   Wiesel was the Nobel-Peace Prize-winning author of the haunting memoir ​​Night, a slim memoir that traces his struggle for survival at the  Auschwitz/Buchenwald  work complex when he was a teenager. The book is often assigned to students in grades 7-12, and it is sometimes a cross-over between English and social studies or humanities classes. Secondary school educators who plan units on World War II and who want to include primary source materials on the Holocaust will appreciate the length of his speech. It is 1818 words  long and it can be read at the 8th-grade reading level. A  video  of Wiesel delivering the speechcan be found on the  American Rhetoric website. The video runs 21 minutes. When he delivered this speech, Wiesel had come before the U.S. Congress to thank the American soldiers and the American people for liberating the camps at the end of World War II. Wiesel had spent nine months in the Buchenwald/Aushwitcz complex. In a terrifying retell, he explains how his mother and sisters had been separated from him when they first arrived.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Eight short, simple words†¦ Men to the left! Women to the right!(27). Shortly after this separation, Wiesel concludes, these family members were killed in the gas chambers at the concentration camp. Yet Wiesel and his father survived starvation, disease, and the deprivation of spirit until shortly before liberation when his father eventually succumbed. At the conclusion of the memoir, Wiesel admits with guilt that at time of his fathers death, he felt relieved. Eventually, Wiesel felt compelled to testify against the Nazi regime, and he wrote the memoir to bear witness against the genocide which killed his family along with six million Jews.   The Perils of Indifference Speech In the speech, Wiesel focuses on one word in order to connect the concentration camp at  Auschwitz  with the  genocides of the late 20th Century. That one word is  indifference.  which is defined at  CollinsDictionary.com  as  a lack of interest or concern.   Wiesel, however, defines indifference in more spiritual terms: Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. And this is one of the most important lessons of this outgoing centurys wide-ranging experiments in good and evil. This speech was delivered 54 years after he had been liberated by American forces. His gratitude to the American forces who liberated him is what opens the speech, but after the opening paragraph, Wiesel seriously admonishes Americans to do more to halt genocides all over the world. By not intervening on behalf of those victims of genocide, he states clearly, we are collectively indifferent to their suffering: Indifference, after all, is more dangerous than anger and hatred. Anger can at times be creative. One writes a great poem, a great symphony, one does something special for the sake of humanity because one is angry at the injustice that one witnesses. But indifference is never creative. In continuing to define his interpretation of indifference, Wiesel asks the audience to think beyond themselves: Indifference is not a beginning, it is an end. And, therefore, indifference is always the friend of the enemy, for it benefits the aggressor never his victim, whose pain is magnified when he or she feels forgotten.   Wiesel then includes those populations of people who are victims, victims of political change, economic hardship, or natural disasters: The political prisoner in his cell, the hungry children, the homeless refugees not to respond to their plight, not to relieve their solitude by offering them a spark of hope is to exile them from human memory. And in denying their humanity we betray our own. Students are often asked what does the author mean, and in this paragraph, Wiesel spells out quite clearly how indifference to the suffering of others causes a betrayal of being human, of having the human qualities of kindness or benevolence.   Indifference means a rejection of an ability to take action and accept responsibility in the light of injustice. To be indifferent is to be inhuman. Literary Qualities Throughout the speech, Wiesel uses a variety of literary elements. There is the personification of indifference as a friend of the enemy or the metaphor about the Muselmanner  who he describes as being those who were ...  dead and did not know it. One of the most common literary devices Wiesel uses is the rhetorical question.  In  The Perils of Indifference, Wiesel asks a total of 26 questions, not to receive an answer form his audience, but to  emphasize a point or focus the audience’s attention on his argument. He asks  the listeners: Does it mean that we have learned from the past? Does it mean that society has changed? Has the human being become less indifferent and more human? Have we really learned from our experiences? Are we less insensitive to the plight of victims of ethnic cleansing and other forms of injustices in places near and far? Speaking at the conclusion of the 20th Century, Wiesel poses these rhetorical questions for students to consider in their century. Meets Academic Standards in English and Social Studies The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) demand that students read informational texts, but the framework does not require specific texts. Wiesel’s The Perils of Indifference contains the information and rhetorical devices that meet the text complexity criteria of the CCSS.   This speech also connects to the C3 Frameworks for Social Studies. While there are many different disciplinary lenses in these frameworks, the historical lens is particularly appropriate: D2.His.6.9-12. Analyze the ways in which the perspectives of those writing history shaped the history that they produced. Wiesels memoir Night centers on his experience in the concentration camp as both a record for history and a reflection on that experience. More specifically, Wiesel’s message is necessary if we want our students to confront the conflicts in this new 21st-century. Our students must be prepared to question as Wiesel does why â€Å"deportation, the terrorization of children and their parents be allowed anywhere in the world?   Conclusion Wiesel has made many literary contributions to helping others all over the world understand the Holocaust. He has written extensively in a wide variety of genres, but it is through his memoir Night and the words of this speech The Perils of Indifference   that students can best understand the critical importance of learning from the past. Wiesel has written about the Holocaust and delivered this speech so that we all, students, teachers, and citizens of the world, may never forget.

Obesity Epidemic in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Obesity Epidemic in America - Research Paper Example Obesity is considered a major health risk factor in different diseases, especially those related to cardiovascular illnesses (WHO, 2011). These diseases are a major cause of concern because they often lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. The global rates of obesity are fast increasing; people around the world are getting more and more obese. The WHO reveals that by the year 2015, there will be about 2.3 billion overweight adults in the world and about 700 million of these would likely be obese (BBC News, 2008). This problem is considered a contemporary problem because obesity statistics were not even known to exist 50 years ago. This increase has mostly been attributed to the prevalence of convenience foods and labor saving devices which have driven many individuals to high fat diets and sedentary lifestyles. It is also a major issue among children with about 20 million children under the age of 5 being overweight (BBC News, 2008). Since the 1980s, the rates for obesity grew t o extensive levels and in OECD nations, one in 2 adults was considered overweight; 1 in 6 was considered obese (Robb, 2010). This rate is expected to increase by 1% each year for the next 10 years in some nations. These rates are highest in the United States, Mexico, and are lowest in Japan and Korea; everywhere else, the numbers are increasing (Robb, 2010). One in three children of the world is considered overweight. They are exposed to risks associated with obesity including a reduction of 8-10 years in their expected life span – this is similar to smokers. They are also likely to develop diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer (Robb, 2010). Obesity is also a burden to the health care system and expenditure because the expenditure among these patients is at least 25% higher than for those with normal weight. In the US, childhood obesity is a major problem and if this issue is not somehow resolved within the next few years, these children would likely suf fer major weight-related diseases much earlier than expected. Considering the above scenario, this paper shall now discuss the obesity epidemic in the United States. It shall discuss the causes of obesity in America, the effects and health issues related to obesity, the current health programs being implemented to address the obesity issue, and the effectiveness of these health programs. This paper shall also come up with recommendations in order to address this growing problem. Body/Discussion Causes of obesity in America There are various causes of obesity in the United States. Experts have weighed in on this discussion and they have acknowledged that the main causes of obesity are the amount, the quality of food intake, and the sedentary living of Americans. The volume of food that the average American is taking seems to have increased during the past few years and the quality of these foods have also shifted to high-fat, high salt, and high-caloric content foods (Goodman, 2006). The fact that Americans have reduced their physical activities is also a major contributory factor to obesity. The portions in the food servings in the US have grown significantly in the past decade or so – especially the portions which are eaten away from home which mostly include fast foods from various food chains. The trends in the US have included the value menus which sell food items, like burgers and fries for lower prices but at lower costs (American Heart Association, n.d). These portions

John Hopkins School of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Hopkins School of Medicine - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the John Hopkins School of Medicine, or simply the John Hopkins Hospital, is one of America’s most distinguished healthcare organizations. Located in Baltimore, John Hopkins is both a teaching hospital and a research facility dedicated to biomedical research. The hospital was constructed as part of the will of a philanthropist known as John Hopkins. He was a merchant and a banker, and he left his estate for the development of both a hospital and a university bearing his name. This bequest, left in 1873, was the largest philanthropic gift of its time. The hospital has revolutionized how medicine is practiced in the United States as is often regarded as the founding institution of modern medicine in the country. Other than that, the institution is the birthplace of several medical terms and traditions such as residency, rounds and house staff. The institution has been in the forefront of setting up departments in the fields of ped iatrics, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery and other departments. These departments are nowadays found in all healthcare institutions throughout the country. According to the U.S News & World Report, that ranks hospitals, John Hopkins Hospitals is one of the world best hospitals. The hospital has been ranked as America’s best hospital for 21 consecutive years. This ranking, however, has changed in the last few years after being supplanted by hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital.

Strategy case analyses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategy case analyses - Assignment Example According to the European Commission, & Statistical Office of the European Communities (2007), in recent years, tourism has become the largest and most progressive industry with international revenues generated in tourism in 2011 reaching about 1.030 billion dollars. The market share of new destinations-former transitional, underdeveloped and developing countries have been on the rise. Their market share has increased from 30 percent in the 80’s to 47 percent in 2011 and was estimated to reach 57% by the end of 2013 (p 23). In many countries, tourism is the preferred option for economic and social development and it is, therefore, included in their political and developmental strategies. An example is Kenya, where tourism is the core of the economy after agriculture. Tourism is an unpredictable industry influence by a number of factors. Events like economic recession, natural disasters, terrorism acts, weather conditions and government policies significantly affect this industry. These determine where and how people spend their holidays. For example, an increase in the frequency of terror attacks and bombing may cause governments to issue travel advisories and alerts to its people not to visit the affected areas. This industry relies on advertisement and promotional tactics employed by the travel companies, governments and airlines. For example, in the UK, the Tourist Information Center (TIC) located all over the country serves the purpose of promoting and marketing tourism to local and international tourists. The key players in this industry in the UK include travel agents and tour operators like Thomas Cook and low cost airlines like Jet2, Easy Jet, Monarch and Ryaniar. Companies identify and implement a strategic plan by matching its capabilities with the demands of its environment in this process. It analyzes the initiatives and measures undertaken by top management in a company regarding resources and performance in

Law and Morality Essay Example for Free

Law and Morality Essay It is not an everyday occurrence that someone must decide the fate of anothers life. The dilemma of making a decision that someone must die in order for the others to survive, can obviously be troubling. The process in which the termination of ones life may be easy to make, but to justify that decision is the most difficult one. This paper is given a situation in which a decision of taking ones life is essential. The situation is that a nuclear war has occurred, which has destroyed most of the centres of civilization. There are five people that are that have escaped death by finding their way to a nuclear bunker. These five people consist of a pregnant woman; an old man, who is a retired judge; two teenagers a fourteen-year-old boy and a sixteen-year-old girl; and a young and healthy woman who is a doctor. They all have been there for fifteen days and they must remain there for an additional fifteen days before they can be rescued. The problem is that although there are five of them in the bunker, there is only enough food for four people to survive for the remaining fifteen days. Rationing the food will not be of any use, because all will die with such a plan. The only way for most of the survivors to live for the next fifteen days is for one to die. Somehow they have contacted an outside source to advise them on the questions of Who shall die? , and How should the decision of choosing the person be carried out? These are all very difficult questions to answer, but something must be done. It is unlikely that someone will voluntarily allow someone to kill them so that the others may live, that is why another form of decision making must be allowed. The best way to do so is probably by that outside aid to suggest that they try drawing lots. For example whoever pulls the shortest straw is the one who dies. With no time to procrastinate, this would seem the most time efficient and fairest way to choose who will die. Of course a reason must be provided to the person who had drawn the shortest straw, and that is the objective of this paper. This essay will explain how the decision will be made that will ultimately take one of the survivors lives to save the remaining four people. From that explanation of the decision made, it will attempt to justify it. This paper proposes to explain and justify the decision by using legal tools such as Law and Morality, the Meta Rule, and The Doctrine of Necessity. The advice provided on how to carry out the unfortunate death of an innocent person may not be a right one, but perhaps it will be legally and morally justified. Law and morality play a large role here, mainly because there is a legal issue and a moral issue associated with the predicament. The reason law has a part in the situation is that after the decision is made, it will be examined legally and must be accountable for its consequences. Morality has its place too, because many will find it morally wrong to take ones life despite any justification. . there is some connection between law and morality, but the two are clearly not identical. First, morality is only concerned with right or wrong, with the good and evil; law is concerned with lots of things on which there is no right and wrong procedures for land registration, incorporation and so on. Second, morality is to some extent uncertain and a matter for each individual, law tries to be objective, written down in black and white and there for all to see. Third, morality often leaves things vague and subject to general principle, law goes into specifics. 1 From that description of law and morality, it is obvious how they relate to the issue here. When the time comes for one of the five people in the bunker eventually to die, it must be legally justified. The reason for this is that murder is illegal, unless legally justified. 2 On the other hand, reasons for the killing must be provided to put to ease those who question the dilemma in accordance to morality. Since law and morality are equally important and both are evenly delicate when dealing with this issue, advising the survivors on what to do will not be easy. Pleasing everybody is impossible, whether it is examined from a legal viewpoint or a moral one. However, if the situation is analysed with both the law and morality issues in mind, there may be a chance that many will see some sort of vindication behind the decision to kill someone. One example that can probably create a good foundation to better explain the complexity of the given situation, is that of the case of R. v. Dudley and Stephens. A basic summary of the case is as follows: Thomas Dudley, Edward Stephens, another man by the name of Brooks, and Richard Parker, who was a boy in his late teens, were the crew of an English yacht. All four of them were cast away in a storm 1,600 miles away from the Cape of Good hope. This boat was not supplied with any water or any food, except a few canned vegetables that lasted them a duration of three days. Being lost at sea, with no food or water, they needed to find someway to keep themselves alive so that they could live long enough for them to be rescued. Many days went by, and within that time they had not eaten or drank anything. Both Dudley and Stephens suggested to Brooks that someone be sacrificed to save the rest, Brooks disagreed, and they never told the boy of the idea. The next suggestion by Dudley and Stephens was that they should draw lots to see who should sacrifice their life to save the others, again Brooks refused and they did not let the boy in on the plan. Eventually the decision that if no vessel were to come around the next day, they should kill the boy. This decision, yet again, came from Dudley and Stephens. Again Brooks disagreed and the boy was never consulted. A day passed and no vessel was in sight. Dudley went to the boy, who was sleeping, and killed him. They fed upon the body of the boy and drank his blood for the following four days when they were finally rescued. After being returned to shore Dudley and Stephens were brought to court, put on trial, and lastly sentenced to death by the court. This decision was eventually brought down to life imprisonment, but then they released Dudley and Stephens after six months. 3 The case of R v. Dudley and Stephens is very similar to that of the one being looked at in this essay. In both cases, each group of people do not have enough or any food to survive long enough to be rescued, someone must die in order for the rest to survive, and both situations have legal and moral repercussions. Both Dudley and Stephens had understandable reasons to kill the young boy in order to survive, and could have escaped being sentenced to death if they had done one thing, consulted the boy. By not consulting the boy, an argument can be formulated to prove that they should have never released Dudley and Stephens from their first sentence of death. The boy never consented to his life being taken away from him, but if he were consulted and provided a reason to why he must be killed then perhaps Dudley and Stephens could have avoided any type of punishment. It is probably safe to assume that the boy would have not wanted his life to be taken away from him, and Brooks obviously rejected all of Dudley and Stephens suggestions, therefore it is apparent that some method of solving disputes was in order. So is the case with the five people in the bunker. Although they are in a dilemma of who and how someone should be chosen to die. Unlike Dudley and Stephens, these five people were able to reach an outside source to aid them with their problem. First of all, this outside source can offer them a method of solving their disputes by administering the Meta Rule. The way in which the Meta Rule operates is as follows, Disputes are resolved by the decision of one or more persons, once arguments from each side of the issue have been put. 4 An outside aid is ideal in such a predicament, because they can offer an objective review of the situation and listen to all the arguments made by those in the bunker; this a process that is called Audialteramparten, which in Latin means to hear both sides. It is important that the decision-maker hear both sides and that the decision-maker also be a generalist. 5 The reason for this, is that by listening to both sides they can know all the concerns that the people in the bunker have, and by being a generalist they can be impartial to the situation, thereby making a rational and fair decision. By imposing the Meta Rule, this outside source can make a decision, and according to the Meta Rule, this must be carried out. Whether or not the decision is wrong does not matter, it is imperative and necessary that one be made to resolve the dispute of who, how, and why someone must die. The doctrine of necessity is a very important notion to this case, because it is necessary that someone die in order for the remaining four survive. ? Necessity knows no law, it is often said. In other words, you cant be held legally liable for an act you had to do. 6 This is what the people in the bunker must remember, and this will legally justify the decision to kill someone. Morally, whether the decision was right or wrong, can be argued till the end of time, but there is no time to accommodate a moral debate. All that is left to do now, is to draw lots and find out who is going to have to die for the others to live. When the selection has been made by lots, the victim yields of course to their fate; or if they resist, force may be employed to coerce division. 7 As harsh as it may sound, if necessity has no legal standing in this situation, it should not stand in any other case. In other words, necessity has been used as an argument to justify ones actions in other cases and is accordingly justifiable in this circumstance. Making a decision on the situation without examining it with knowledge of law and morality, the Meta Rule, and the doctrine of necessity would make it even more difficult to find a rational reason why one of the five people in the bunker should die, let alone justify it. Law and morality illustrated how sensitive a situation such as this can be, and how difficult it is to make a pure legal decision when morals are a large part of everyones lives. The Meta Rule showed that even when the courts are not present to facilitate a case, there is always another method of resolving disputes legally. Finally, the doctrine of necessity explained why some forms of action are necessary and must be taken and applied to a given condition. It is unfortunate that there are cases in which people, whether or not they know each other, must kill someone else to save their own life. It must be even more disturbing, rather than unfortunate, for a person to sacrifice their life for the welfare of another, nevertheless it is noble. Perhaps this goes to show that when it is absolutely necessary to kill someone in order to preserve ones own life, murder is always justifiable. Works Cited 1 Patrick Fitzgerald and King Mc Shane. Looking at Law: Canadas Legal System. 4th ed. (Ottawa: Tri-Graphic Printing Ltd. ) 1994. Pg. 3. 2 Carleton Dept. Of Law Casebook Group. Introduction to Legal Studies 2nd ed.. (North York: Captus Press Inc. ) 1995. Pg. 24. 3 Carleton Dept. Of Law Casebook Group. Introduction to Legal Studies 2nd ed. . (North York: Captus Press Inc. ) 1995. Pgs. 19-24. 4 Fraser, D. Fall Term Law Notes for 51. 100A. (Carleton University) 1996. 5 Fraser, D. Fall Term Law Notes for 51. 100A. (Carleton University) 1996. 6 Carleton Dept. Of Law Casebook Group. Introduction to Legal Studies 2nd ed. . (North York: Captus Press Inc. ) 1995. Pg. 25. 7 Fraser, D. Fall Term Law Notes for 51. 100A. (Carleton University) 1996.

The Names Essay -- Literary Analysis, Billy Collins

In the poem â€Å"The Names,† by Billy Collins, the speaker is calmly recalling people’s last names alphabetically as he notices them wherever he goes. At first it seems as though he is playing a game to see how many names he can think of. After reading the whole poem several times, it becomes clear that he is referring to people who died on September 11th. Collins uses imagery, a serious tone, and similes throughout the poem to show appreciation for the memory of the victims that died that tragic day. In the first stanza, it is established that the poem is written in the first person, when â€Å"I† is referring to the speaker, which illustrates this person’s point of view concerning the tragedy of 9/11 during a whole day of events. The speaker begins by setting a tranquil mood as the opening of a long list of last names. In line 1, he says: â€Å"Yesterday, I lay awake in the palm of the night.† He describes the night like a tropical tree gently swaying in a peaceful beach setting. He calmly observes the gentle raindrops dripping slowly down his windows until they disappear in â€Å"A soft rain stole in, unhelped by any breeze, / And when I saw the silver glaze on the windows,† (2-3). For a brief moment, he enjoys going outside to his garden at sunrise to forget the sorrow that death brings when â€Å"In the morning, I walked out barefoot / Among thousands of flowers† (11-12). In the second stanza, the speaker visualizes images within the starry night and a muddy shoreline that symbolize individuals experiencing death-defying events. In line 8, the speaker states â€Å"Names printed on the ceiling of the night.† He is referring to the pattern of stars that draw great figures of Greek Gods, like Mars who is related to strength, energ... ...rassy cemetery is the place where gravestones are placed so the victims will not be forgotten. The speaker also reminds the reader that relatives tend to put the memory of their loved ones â€Å"into the dim warehouse of memory† (53) or in back of their minds so they will not feel so broken hearted. He recalls seeing â€Å"A woman by a window puts a match to a candle† (39) for the memory of a loved one that died from the attack. By the speaker’s comment â€Å"are outlined on the rose clouds† (40), he suggests as though the deceased victims appeared up in heaven. Collins uses visualization, emotions, and comparisons within several natural and man-made objects in respect to all the victims that tragically passed away that dreadful day. By specifically identifying several individuals in this poem, Collins found a way to honor those people that died on September 11, 2001.

library :: essays research papers

Library Collections Reference Collection - The collection contains on-line and print materials on all subjects, but focuses on those subjects that support the research needs of our students and faculty. Some of these sources are encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, glossaries, directories, and atlases. Public computer terminals are located on both the first and second floors. Reference Desk personnel will provide instruction on accessing these materials. Contact the 1st floor Reference Service Desk at Ext. 4410 or (773) 442-4410 for further information. Periodicals - The periodicals collection includes academic journals, magazines, indexes and newspapers across all subject areas and in multiple formats. Materials in paper or microfilm are located on the second floor of the Library. Full text electronic journals may be accessed from any computer on or off-campus (off-campus access is limited to NEIU students, faculty and staff). Contact the 2nd floor Reference Service Desk at Ext. 4572 or (773) 442-4572 for further information. Government Information - The Library is a depository for both Federal and State government publications. The print collection dates from 1963 (federal) and 1968 (state) with some retrospective holdings. In addition, computers are available for accessing information on CD-ROMs or the Internet. This includes Census data, current economic statistics, and a variety of other electronic resources. The Government Information Center is located on the 2nd floor of the Ronald Williams Library. For information call 773-442-4572 (Government Information Reference) or 773-442-4474 (Government Information Librarian). MLRC - Multimedia Learning Resource Center - The MLRC provides access to a variety of media formats to support all subject areas in the NEIU curricula. It brings together materials from the Library's audiovisual materials collection, the Curriculum Materials collection, the University Media Services collection, the Music Listening Room collection, and the Library's special collections in music. For further information or assistance call Ext. 4560 or (773) 442-4560. Curriculum Materials Collection (CMC) - The CMC includes ERIC documents on microfiche, elementary and secondary level textbooks, teacher resource materials, childrens books and magazines, and AV materials. The CMC is located on the 3rd floor of the Library. University Archives - The University Archives collection includes minutes of University meetings, policies and reports, the Internal Budget, Northeastern's student newspaper and yearbooks from 1964 to 1982. University Archives are located in the Lower Level of the Library. For further information call Ext. 4402 or (773) 442-4402. Illinois Regional Archives Depository (IRAD) - A repository of primary source documents on Chicago municipal government as well as genealogical information for Cook County.

The Doping Dilemma

Analytical Summary Paper: The Doping Dilemma In â€Å"The Doping Dilemma†, Michael Shermer writes about the consequences and the ethics behind performance enhancing substances in professional sports. He begins with an anecdote, which describes the feeling of getting â€Å"dropped by your competitors on a climb† (420:2). As described by the author in the development of the story, every athlete has a genetic limitation that regular training cannot exceed (421:4). According to Shermer, the only thing to be done is to dope.Arguing that, in order for an individual to stay competitive nowadays, he needs to make use of performance enhancing substances. Shermer concludes that today’s drugs are better, harder to test, and the incentives usually favor them (421:8/422:9). The author effectively argues that there should be a direct shift on the incentives regarding sports doping. His experience read as a reflective narrative to young competitors who are now starting, and to those who are already veterans.He believes that sports should return to the foundation of celebrating those rewarded by excellence, aided only by their determination to succeed. Shermer points out the scenario professional athletes have been facing since the 1990’s. Making performance enhancing drugs part of the team’s â€Å"medical program†, team members are bound to embrace illegal substances in their preparation before they are cut from the team (421:6). According to Shermer, his reasons for competing did not match the principles behind doping.He was a thirty-year-old academic with a career to return to, cycling just to test his physical limitations. However, he could relate to the young, amateur athletes who earn their living through sports and have no other ambitions in life, other than compete and win. These same athletes, who are convinced that â€Å"everyone else† dopes; therefore, they should do it too (421:7). Even though we rather deceive our m inds from even considering that such competitors use drugs, we are lead to believe that they are left without option and support from athletic departments, teams, and confederations.From my perspective, it is clear why, many times, our â€Å"idols† end up giving in to illicit substances. First of all, due to the evolution of drugs: the industry for these products has experienced an unpredictable growth in demand, making researchers and developers work harder on the final product to be more effective. Second, the competition between takers and testers has been consistently won by those guilty of the cause. Consequently, emphasizing the scientist’s advantage – whose work is constantly and solely dedicated to mislead testers – to over perform them in their own game.In addition to that, I believe that amateur athletes begin their journey as sportsman at a relatively young age. Uneducated and immature, without familiar and technical support to back them up, th ey might end up on the wrong track towards success. Very early the doping chain reaches them: professionals dope in order to stay competitive, and, before they know, they are doping too; however, simply to compete. While Shermer asserts that the third reason for the success of doping is the incentive behind it, he provides multiple concrete ideas to shift the incentive back to competing in compliance.Ideas such as immunity to athletes for past doping; improve the testing methods by doing it more often, through independent agencies right after competitions; reward the development of unknown testing methods; increase the competitor’s penalty and make the appeal system fair and trustful; and finally, disqualify the team even if only one member is under use of drugs. According to the author, Nash equilibrium needs to be reached in sports. This means that, in sports, the appeal to cheating needs to be reverted so that it has a lower utility cost than playing by the book (422:11/42 3:12).From his suggestions, I believe that readers might start to find that sports are not as ethical, truthful and fair as they have once judged to be. Essentially, the public’s disbelief to professional sports is rather due to their shock with reality, than because of the actual cheating taking place. Since the issue with incentives is so acute, Shermer provides a very truthful and transparent analysis in his recommendations to grant – once again – belief to the spectators that sports could possibly become about honor, and not dishonesty.Given that the author is a competitor himself, it makes the reader more likely to consider his words of wisdom, especially because he offers examples of true accounts and events. To emphasize his recommendation analysis and to propose a deeper understanding, he uses the mathematician, John Forbes Nash, to persuade the reader towards his ideology. After reading this, spectators will have a better understanding of the false driv ing force behind the sports industry. However, they will be more incisive when making onesty have a greater utility cost than cheating. Shermer’s analysis not only reveals what has been unknown, but it also raises public pressure on confederations to reward those who really deserve to compete. According to the facts mentioned above, I believe a major change in attitude from big decision makers is needed in order to achieve transparency in sports. Young athletes should be under constant supervision and support, so that they are correctly directed towards professionalism.The right people should consistently check competitors at high-levels, making their will to cheat decrease by escalating the risk of doing so. Finally, I believe that my ideas provoke a deeper understanding of what is behind the public’s superficial vision of sports competition. They emphasize the lack of respect by those who dope, the obvious absence of ethics, and the insufficient structure and support to incoming athletes, making us view and understand that what drives people is not being the best, but coming first – which are two completely different things.